GRE testing requirements explained
For anyone applying to graduate programs in the U.S., the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) remains a significant component of the admissions process. The GRE assesses core academic skills (reasoning, analysis, and communication) that are highly valued in higher education and beyond. Although a growing number of institutions now offer test-optional policies, high scores on the GRE can help make your application stand out, regardless of whether they’re required for admission. Being well-informed about current GRE requirements can provide a valuable edge throughout the admissions process.
What the GRE measures
The exam evaluates important competencies across three main GRE sections:
- Verbal reasoning: This GRE section measures your ability to analyze and evaluate written material, understand relationships among parts of sentences, and synthesize information from dense materials.
- Quantitative reasoning: This section evaluates problem-solving abilities using arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and data analysis.
- Analytical writing: The analytical writing section tests your critical thinking skills and asks you to articulate complex ideas clearly and effectively.
Scores for the verbal and quantitative GRE sections range from 130 to 170, while the analytical writing section is scored on a scale from 0 to 6.
GRE requirement trends
Since the COVID-19 pandemic, GRE requirements at many universities have evolved, with a growing number of institutions adopting test-optional or test-flexible admission policies. Despite these changes, some competitive or research-driven programs continue to prefer or require GRE scores to evaluate applicants’ academic abilities beyond GPA and professional experience.
In general:
- STEM and business programs are more likely to maintain GRE requirements (with business schools often accepting the GMAT as an alternative).
- Humanities and social science departments often list the GRE as optional, but submitting strong test scores can still be advantageous for applicants seeking a competitive edge.
- Public health, education, and policy programs show greater variability in their GRE policies, with requirements differing by institution and sometimes by program focus.
As universities reconsider standardized testing, many applicants wonder whether test-optional policies are truly optional in practice. While some programs genuinely do not weigh the GRE in admissions decisions, others may still favor applicants with strong GRE scores, especially in highly selective fields. Reviewing each institution’s official policies will help applicants make informed decisions about submitting their scores.
Examples of GRE requirements by U.S. graduate programs
Below are examples of top grad programs in the U.S. and GRE scores expectations for applicants:
| University | Program | GRE requirement | Average/recommended scores |
|---|---|---|---|
| Harvard University | Master’s in Education (HGSE) | Optional | 160+ verbal, 155+ quantitative |
| New York University (NYU) | MA in Psychology | Required | 158+ verbal, 156+ quantitative |
| Columbia University | MS in Data Science | Required | 165+ quantitative recommended |
| University of California, Berkeley | Master of Public Health (MPH) | Optional | 155+ verbal, 155+ quantitative |
| University of Michigan | MA in Economics | Required | 160+ quantitative expected |
| Stanford University | MA in Sociology | Optional | 160+ verbal, 155+ quantitative |
| Boston University | MS in Computer Science | Required | 165+ quantitative recommended |
| Duke University | Master of Environmental Management | Optional | 155+ verbal, 155+ quantitative |
| Cornell University | MBA (Johnson School) | GRE or GMAT required | 160+ verbal, 160+ quantitative typical |
Although achieving these exact GRE scores isn’t required for admission, averages provide a useful benchmark for understanding what it takes to be a competitive applicant at top universities. Even among the test-optional programs listed above, applicants who submitted scores typically performed exceptionally well on the GRE, emphasizing the continued importance of test results in admissions decisions.
How to register for the GRE
To register for and take the exam, you must follow these instructions:
- Register for your preferred test date on the ETS website. The GRE is offered year-round on a first-come, first-serve basis at test centers worldwide.
- Pay the registration fee of $220 (or less with a waiver).
- Choose your schools. Determine the graduate institutions you want to receive your scores. If you plan on sending score reports to more than 4 institutions or programs, you must pay additional fees.
- Create an ETS account. This will allow you to make changes to your registration and score recipients, and access up-to-date information about your test center.
- Bring a valid ID on test day. The name on your identification must match the name you used to register for the test.
General Test at home testing is a convenient option for examinees who prefer or need to take their test at home. If you plan on taking the test remotely, there are certain GRE at-home requirements you will need to meet:
- Confirm your computer meets equipment requirements. You cannot use a tablet, Chromebook, or mobile device. You must have the Chrome browser installed.
- Run an Equipment Check and provide screenshots to ETS. You are required to have working internal or external speakers, a functional internal or external microphone, and a camera that can show a 360-degree view of the room.
- Ensure your environment and test space meet privacy and fairness standards. No one else can be in the room when you take the test, and your tabletop and surroundings must be clear of all unapproved items.
Other rules related to remote testing cover accessories (no earbuds or headphones allowed), appropriate clothing and appearance (ears must be visible at all times), and permitted tools (you must use a physical or digital whiteboard for notes). A human proctor will be monitoring you throughout the duration of the test, so it’s vital to understand and comply with all at-home requirements.
Preparing for the GRE
Applicants should begin preparing for the GRE approximately 2 - 6 months in advance by utilizing resources such as:
- Official ETS practice tests and preparation materials
- Comprehensive GRE prep books
- Online prep courses or individualized tutoring, based on your needs
Before taking your test, make sure to review the GRE policies and expectations for each of your target graduate programs. Different departments may prioritize verbal or quantitative scores, so tailoring your preparation accordingly will maximize your potential for acceptance.
Conclusion
While more graduate programs now promote test-optional policies, evaluating whether submitting GRE scores is advantageous remains an important decision. A competitive GRE score can still provide a significant edge, particularly for highly selective programs or when pursuing a new academic discipline outside of what was studied in undergrad. The GRE is meant ot assess your analytical and problem-solving skills in a standardized, objective format. Meeting GRE requirements showcases your readiness and test-taking flexibility, and prevents any issues down the line when sending your scores to your desired programs.
